For families still searching for loved ones who went missing in wartime Sarajevo, the 30th anniversary of the start of the siege of the capital is a painful reminder that three decades of hope and anguish have passed.
Legal changes banning the denial of genocide, imposed by Bosnia and Herzegovina’s top international official, caused the Bosnian Serb leadership to threaten to pull out of the country’s tax system, judiciary and army.
The UN court in The Hague granted a ten-month sentence reduction to the wartime political leader of Bosnia’s Prijedor municipality, Milomir Stakic, who was convicted of the persecution and extermination of Bosniaks and Croats.
Wreaths were laid in memory 33 Bosnian Croat civilians, including a four-year-old girl, who were killed by Bosnian Army troops in the village of Grabovica in September 1993.
Jovica Stanisic and Franko Simatovic, who were convicted of aiding war crimes committed by Serbian fighters during the Bosnian conflict, claimed there was not enough evidence to declare them guilty and called for their sentences to be overturned.
Milivoj Petkovic, former president of the self-proclaimed Croat-led wartime statelet of Herzeg-Bosnia, wrote a letter from jail to the UN court saying he accepts the verdict sentencing him to 20 years in prison for wartime crimes against Bosniaks.
As the former Bosnian Serb military chief, who was convicted of genocide and other wartime crimes by the UN court in June, awaits transfer to prison to serve his life sentence, he is suffering from increasingly poor health, his lawyers said.
The recently-published verdict in the trial of wartime Serbian security chiefs Jovica Stanisic and Franko Simatovic shows how despite its denials, the Serbian state supported fighting units that committed crimes during the wars in Croatia and Bosnia.
Vinko Martinovic, who has already served prison time for wartime ethnic cleansing, was arrested in Bosnia and is wanted by Croatia to serve another sentence for the post-war murder of a Bosniak woman.
A report by a Bosnian Serb-funded commission has claimed the Srebrenica massacres were not genocide and most victims were not civilians – but some of its controversial assertions are contradicted by evidence heard at trials at international courts.